Network Devices (Hub,Switch,Lan card,Bridge,Router)

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NETWORK DEVICES 

Network devices  provide connectivity and functionality.By understanding how these networking devices operate and identifying the functions they perform are essential for users.Some of the major network devices are discussed below.

Types are of following types 

1.HUB

A hub is a common connection point for devices in a network. Hubs are commonly used to connect segments of a LAN. A hub contains multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port, it is copied to the other ports so that all segments of the LAN can see all packets.

1 Hub sends the data in broadcast mode
2 It works on data link layer

Two types are:-

1 Active hub-needs adapter.
2 Passive hub-needs batteries.

What Hubs Do
Hubs and switches serve as a central connection for all of your network equipment and handles a data type known as frames. Frames carry your data. When a frame is received, it is amplified and then transmitted on to the port of the destination PC.

In a hub, a frame is passed along or "broadcast" to every one of its ports. It doesn't matter that the frame is only destined for one port. The hub has no way of distinguishing which port a frame should be sent to. Passing it along to every port ensures that it will reach its intended destination. This places a lot of traffic on the network and can lead to poor network response times.


2. SWITCH
 In networks, a device that filters and forwards packets between LAN segments. Switches operate at the data link layer (layer 2) and sometimes the network layer (layer 3) of the OSI  Model .

 1 looks much like a hub.
2 expensive than hub.
3  has more advantages than hub

Types of switch

1)lan switch -mostly used in local connectivity.
2)wan switch-wan connectivity.
3)atm switch-asynchronous transfer mode
It is used for calling functionality.it allows voice and data networks with a single networks to handle.


Types are
1.) non-manageable switch
2.)   manageable switch

3.Lan card-
A network interface controller (NIC, also known as a network interface card, network adapter, LAN adapter or physical network interface,and by similar terms) is a computer hardware component that connects a computer to a computer network.






Types of nic card-
1.on board
2.Expansion board

4.ACCES POINT (WIFI ROUTER)-

(Wireless fidelity)
In computer networking, a wireless access point (AP) is a device that allows wireless devices to connect to a wired network using Wi-Fi, or related standards. The AP usually connects to a router (via a wired network) as a standalone device, but it can also be an integral component of the router itself.










5. BRIDGE-

IT IS A NETWORK DEVICE USED TO CONNECT TWO
LAN SEGMENTS TOGETHER .LOOKS LIKE A HUB .
THIS PROCESS IS CALLED BRIDGING.



6.)ROUTER (IP ROUTER)
IT IS A DEVICE WHICH IS USED TO CONNECT TWO DIFFERENT NETWORKS TOGETHER.









7.)repeater- it is device used to amplify the input signal and  transmit it .











8.)modem>>it convert digital to analog and vice versa.used mainly for internet connections.



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